![]() ![]() Hallucinations were associated with multiple possible risk factors in every case. There was no significant difference in cognitive scores between hallucinators and nonhallucinators. Median survival time for hallucinators was 15 days (range 0–50 days) and for non-hallucinators was 11 days (range 0–89 days). Hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations of a person standing by the bedside were the commonest type. The results were analysed using arithmetical means with 95% confidence intervals (Cl) and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.Īlmost half (47%) the patients had experienced visual hallucinations within the previous month. Survival times from assessment to death were calculated. Subjects were screened for cognitive function using the Folstein mini-mental state examination (MMSE). The prevalence of opioid administration, other drugs known to cause hallucinations, brain tumours, liver metastases, bone metastases, lung metastases, known renal failure, eye disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, other neurodegenerative disorder, psychiatric disorder and epilepsy were also recorded. John's Hospice in Wirral were screened for visual hallucinations in a semi-structured interview. One hundred consecutive admissions to St. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of visual hallucinations among hospice inpatients, and the prevalence of a number of possible associated risk factors. Further research is required to develop standardized methods of delirium screening, assessment, and management that are acceptable to inpatients and families. However, there is limited consensus on assessment measures or knowledge of implications of delirium screening for inpatients and families. ![]() The prevalence and incidence of delirium in palliative care inpatient settings supports the need for screening. Hypoactive delirium was the most prevalent delirium subtype (68%–86% of cases). Studies that used the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual–Fourth Edition reported higher prevalence (42%–88%) and incidence (40.2%–45%), while incidence rates were higher in studies that screened participants at least daily (32.8%–45%). Delirium incidence ranged from 3% to 45%, while delirium prevalence varied, with a range of: 13.3%–42.3% at admission, 26%–62% during admission, and increasing to 58.8%–88% in the weeks or hours preceding death. Eight different screening and assessment tools were used. Of the eight included studies, the majority (98.9%) involved participants (1079) with advanced cancer. Papers not in English or those reporting the occurrence of symptoms not specifically identified as delirium were excluded. This systematic review aims to examine methods, quality, and results of delirium prevalence and incidence studies in palliative care inpatient populations and discuss implications for delirium screening.Ī systematic search of the literature identified prospective studies reporting on delirium prevalence and/or incidence in inpatient palliative care adult populations from 1980 to 2012. While screening increases recognition, it is not a routine practice. This syndrome is under-recognized by clinicians. Delirium is a serious neuropsychiatric syndrome frequently experienced by palliative care inpatients. ![]()
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